However, rating scales do not ‘count’ anything at all and exist as instruments of liminality between subjective clinical opinion and the affection of objectivity that quantification symbolizes. When the McCormick reaper was returned to the Crystal Palace, the site of the Great Exhibition, word had spread. When ‘error of diagnosis’ emerged as a concern circa 1909, the professional transformation of this ‘scientific self of subjectivity’ of the psychiatrist into a ‘scientific self of objectivity’ eventually resulted in the turn to numerical judgments based on rating scales for psychotic symptoms. McCormick's reaper, during a competition held at an English farm in July 1851, outperformed a British-made reaper. A slowly evolving acceptance of the need for specifiable biological disease concepts, distinct diagnostic categories and defined boundaries of the ‘before and after’ of psychosis among some elite physicians challenged widespread vernacular methods of diagnosis expressed as intuition, feelings or scent as well as local practices of creating novel placeholder terms ‘as needed’ or using question marks to express liminality or confusion. Summary and definition: The McCormick reaper was a mechanical horse-drawn reaping machine invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831. View of the McCormick Reaper Works on Western Avenue, Chicago, Illinois, 1906. 12 QUEEN: The United States and the Material Advance in Russia, 1881-1906. Some limitations of ‘category work’ in the history of psychiatry are illustrated via the example of attempts within US alienism and psychiatry since 1889 to identify psychosis and its prodromes. McCormick Reaper have been available for the writer.
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